\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage[paper=a4paper, portrait=true, twoside=false, left=1cm,
top=1cm, centering=true]{geometry}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[frenchb]{babel} \DecimalMathComma

\usepackage{fourier}

% Pour ces macros, voir le site d'Alain Matthes :
% http://www.altermundus.fr/pages/pdflatex/tikz.html
\usepackage{tikz,tkz-base}

\begin{document}
\setlength{\parindent}{0mm}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{center}
  \section*{Grille de construction}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.5]
    \tkzInit[xmin=-17,xmax=17,ymin=-21,ymax=14]
    \begin{scope}[densely dotted]
      \tkzGrid[sub,subxstep=.5,subystep=.5,subcolor=gray](-17,-21)(17,14)
    \end{scope}
    \tkzGrid[color=gray](-17,-21)(17,14)
    \tkzX[lw=.8pt,tickwd=1pt,tickup=3pt,tickdn=3pt,pos={below left =
      .5pt},gradsize=\scriptscriptstyle,label={{\sc
        Abscisses}},poslabel={above left},orig]
    \tkzY[lw=.8pt,tickwd=1pt,ticklt=3pt,tickrt=3pt,pos={below left =
      .5pt},gradsize=\scriptscriptstyle,label={{\sc
        Ordonnées}},poslabel={right}]
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

\end{document}